The Secret Circle The Initiation Chapter Twelve Free Essays

Diana went strongly to confront Deborah. â€Å"You can’t intrude on the ritual!† â€Å"There shouldn’t be a ritual,† Deborah bursted back, her face dull and extraordinary. â€Å"You concurred in the gathering †â€Å" â€Å"I concurred we needed to do whatever it took to make us solid. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Secret Circle: The Initiation Chapter Twelve or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now In any case, †† Deborah halted and frowned. â€Å"But a few of us might not have accepted she’d pass the tests,† Faye deciphered, grinning. Diana’s face was pale and irate. The diadem she wore appeared to give her additional height, with the goal that she looked taller even than Faye. Twilight sparkled in her hair as it had off the sharp edge of the blade. â€Å"But she passed the tests,† she said briskly. â€Å"And now you’ve intruded on a custom †broken it †while I was calling down the Powers. I trust you have a superior explanation than that.† â€Å"I’ll give you a reason,† Deborah said. â€Å"She’s not so much one of us. Her mom wedded an outsider.† â€Å"Then what do you want?† Diana said. â€Å"Do you need us never to have a genuine Circle? You realize we need twelve to complete anything. What are we expected to do, hold up until your folks †or the Hendersons †have another infant? None of all of us even has the two guardians alive. No.† Diana went to confront the others in the gathering, who were remaining around within edge of the circle. â€Å"We’re the last,† she let them know. â€Å"The last age in the New World. What's more, on the off chance that we can’t complete our Circle, at that point everything closes here. With us.† Melanie made some noise. She was wearing common garments under a light green bordered cloak that looked both worn out and delicate, as though it were extremely old. â€Å"Our guardians and grandparents might want that,† she said. â€Å"They need us to leave it all before, the manner in which they did and their folks did. They don’t need us uncovering the old customs and waking the Old Powers.† â€Å"They’re scared,† Deborah said contemptuously. â€Å"They’ll be glad on the off chance that we can’t complete the Circle,† Melanie said. â€Å"But is that what we want?† She took a gander at Faye. Faye mumbled coolly, â€Å"Individuals can do a considerable amount on their own.† â€Å"Oh, come on,† Laurel put in. â€Å"Not like a genuine Circle. Not unless,† she included, â€Å"somebody was wanting to get hold of the Master Tools and use them all by herself.† Faye gave her a moderate, astonishing grin. â€Å"I’m not the one scanning for the lost tools,† she said. â€Å"This is all off the point,† said Diana strongly. â€Å"The question is, do we need a total Circle or don’t we?† â€Å"We do,† one of the Henderson siblings said. No, Chris, Cassie revised herself. Abruptly she could disclose to them separated. Both the siblings looked white and stressed in the evening glow, yet Chris’s eyes were less savage. â€Å"We’re going to take the necessary steps to discover who murdered Kori,† Chris wrapped up. â€Å"And then deal with them,† Doug put in. He made a signal of cutting. â€Å"Then we need a full Circle,† said Melanie. â€Å"A twelfth individual and a seventh young lady. Cassie is both.† â€Å"And she’s passed the tests,† Diana rehashed. â€Å"Her mother was one of us. She left, truly, yet now she’s return. What's more, she carried her little girl to us exactly when we need her. Just precisely when we need her.† Obstinacy despite everything waited in Deborah’s eyes. â€Å"Who says she can even utilize the Powers?† she requested. â€Å"I do,† Diana answered consistently. â€Å"I can detect it in her.† â€Å"And so do I,† Faye said suddenly. Deborah went to gaze at her, and she grinned straightforwardly. â€Å"I’d state she can approach Earth and Fire, at least,† Faye proceeded, maddeningly dull. â€Å"She may even demonstrate to have very much a talent.† Also, why, Cassie pondered dazedly, did that make hairs on the rear of her neck hold up? Diana’s foreheads were drawn together as she gave Faye a long, looking through look. Be that as it may, at that point she went to Deborah. â€Å"Does that fulfill your objection?† There was a beat. At that point Deborah gestured, drearily, and ventured back. â€Å"Then,† said Diana, with a peaceful respectfulness that appeared to overlay a cold resentment, â€Å"can we please continue ahead with it?† Everybody stood away as she came back to her position. By and by she lifted the blade to the sky, at that point to the cardinal purposes of the compass, at that point to Cassie. By and by she expressed the words that had sent chills down Cassie’s spine, yet this time she completed them continuous. Earth and water, fire and air, See your little girl remaining there. By dull of moon and light of sun, As I will, let it be finished. By challenge, preliminary, and sacrosanct pledge, Let her join the Circle now. Fragile living creature and ligament, blood and bone, Cassie currently turns into our own. â€Å"That’s it,† Laurel said delicately from behind Cassie. â€Å"You’re in.† In. I’m in. Cassie knew, with a sentiment of wild invigoration, that nothing could ever be the equivalent again. â€Å"Cassie.† Diana was unclasping the silver neckband she was wearing. Cassie’s eyes were attracted to the sickle moon pendant that dangled from it. It resembled the one on the diadem, Cassie acknowledged †and like Deborah’s tattoo. â€Å"This is a token,† Diana stated, attaching the chain around Cassie’s neck, â€Å"of your enrollment in the Circle.† At that point she embraced Cassie. It wasn’t an unconstrained motion; it had more the sentiment of a custom. Next she turned Cassie around to confront the others and stated, â€Å"The Powers have acknowledged her. I’ve acknowledged her. Presently every one of you has to.† Shrub was the first to step up. Her face was not kidding, however there was a real warmth and amicability in the profundities of her earthy colored eyes. She embraced Cassie, at that point kissed her daintily on the cheek. â€Å"I’m happy you’re one of us,† she murmured, and ventured back, her long, light-earthy colored hair rippling marginally in the breeze. â€Å"Thanks,† Cassie murmured. Melanie was straightaway. Her grip was increasingly formal, and her cool, scholarly dim eyes despite everything threatened Cassie. Be that as it may, when she stated, â€Å"Welcome to the Club,† she seemed as though she would not joke about this. Deborah, on the other hand, was glaring as she ventured forward, and she embraced Cassie as though she were attempting to break a rib or two. She didn’t state anything. Sean hustled just a bit, looking excited. His embrace was excessively long and excessively close for Cassie’s taste, and she wound up removing herself. He stated, â€Å"Glad you’re in,† with his eyes fixed on her robe such that made Cassie wish it were wool rather than light cotton. â€Å"I can tell,† she said faintly as he ventured back, and Diana, remaining next to her, needed to chomp her lip. Under ordinary conditions the Henderson siblings may have been far more detestable. However, today around evening time they didn’t appear to mind on the off chance that it was a young lady or a square of wood they were grasping. They embraced her precisely and ventured back to observe again with their furious, faraway eyes. And afterward it was Nick’s turn. Cassie felt something inside her fix. It wasn’t that she was pulled in to him, precisely, but†¦ she couldn’t help feeling a slight internal tremor when she gazed toward him. He was so attractive, and the briskness that encompassed him like a slender layer of dim ice appeared to be just to upgrade his looks. He’d remained back and watched the whole function this evening with so much separation, as though none of it influenced him somehow. Indeed, even his grip was reserved. Sexless. As though he were simply making an insincere effort while considering something different. His arms were solid, however †well, obviously, thought Cassie. Any person who had a †game plan †with Faye would need to be solid. Suzan possessed a scent like fragrance, and when she kissed Cassie’s cheek, Cassie felt sure she left a smirch of cherry-shaded lipstick. Embracing her resembled embracing a scented cushion. At long last, Faye came. Her overwhelming lidded eyes were sparkling mysteriously, as though she knew about Cassie’s humiliation and getting a charge out of it. All Cassie knew about was Faye’s tallness and the amount she herself needed to run. She had a terrified conviction that Faye would accomplish something awful†¦ Be that as it may, Faye just mumbled, as she ventured back, â€Å"So the little white mouse is harder than she looks. I was wagering you wouldn’t even last through the ceremony.† â€Å"I’m not certain I did,† Cassie mumbled. She frantically needed to plunk down and assemble her considerations. So much had occurred so fast†¦ yet she was in. Indeed, even Faye had acknowledged her. That reality couldn't be changed. â€Å"All right,† Diana said discreetly. â€Å"That’s it for the inception custom. Regularly after this we’d host a get-together or something, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She took a gander at Cassie and lifted her hands. Cassie gestured. This evening, a gathering could scarcely be less fitting. â€Å"So I figure we ought to officially scatter the Circle, yet go on and have a standard gathering. That way we can get Cassie made up for lost time with what she needs to know.† There were gestures around the circle and an aggregate breath discharged. Diana got a bunch of sand and poured it over the line drawn on the sea shore. The others went with the same pattern, each pouring a bunch and smoothing it down so that the circle’s plot was obscured, deleted. At that point they circulated themselves among the still-lit light

Quality, by John Galsworthy

Quality, by John Galsworthy Most popular today as the creator of The Forsyte Saga, John Galsworthyâ (1867-1933) was a well known and productive English author and dramatist in the early many years of the twentieth century. Instructed at New College, Oxford, where he worked in marine law, Galsworthy had a deep rooted enthusiasm for social and good issues, specifically, the critical impacts of neediness. He inevitably decided to compose as opposed to seeking after law and was granted the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1932. In theâ narrative exposition Quality, distributed in 1912, Galsworthy portrays a German craftsmans endeavors to get by in a time where achievement is controlled by adverdisement, gesture by work. Galsworthy delineates shoemakers endeavoring to remain consistent with their artworks despite a world driven by cash and prompt satisfaction - not by quality and surely not by evident workmanship or craftsmanship. Quality originally showed up in The Inn of Tranquility: Studies and Essays (Heinemann, 1912). A segment of the paper shows up underneath. Quality by John Galsworthy 1 I knew him from the times of my outrageous youth since he made my dads boots; possessing with his senior sibling two little shops let into one, in a little by-road - presently no more, yet then most elegantly positioned in the West End. 2 That apartment had a specific calm differentiation; there was no sign upon its face that he made for any of the Royal Famil - only his own German name of Gessler Brothers; and in the window a couple of sets of boots. I recall that it generally grieved me to represent those unvarying boots in the window, for he made just what was requested, arriving at nothing down, and it appeared to be incomprehensible to the point that what he made would ever have neglected to fit. Had he gotten them to put there? That, as well, appeared to be incomprehensible. He could never have endured in his home cowhide on which he had not worked himself. Furthermore, they were excessively delightful - the pair of siphons, so indescribably thin, the patent cowhides with fabric tops, making water come into ones mouth, the tall earthy colored riding boots with brilliant dirty shine, as though, however new, they had been worn a hundred years. Those sets could just have been made by one who saw before him the So ul of Boot - so really were they models embodying the very soul of all foot-gear. These musings, obviously, came to me later, however in any event, when I was elevated to him, at the time of maybe fourteen, some suspicion frequented me of the pride of himself and sibling. For to make boots - such boots as he made - appeared to me at that point, and still appears to me, secretive and brilliant. 3 I recollect well my modest comment, at some point while loosening up to him my energetic foot: 4 Isnt it outrageously difficult to do, Mr. Gessler? 5 And his answer, given with an unexpected grin from out of the cynical redness of his facial hair: Id is an Ardt! 6 Himself, he was a little as though produced using calfskin, with his yellow crimped face, and creased ruddy hair and facial hair; and flawless folds inclining down his cheeks to the edges of his mouth, and his throaty and one-conditioned voice; for cowhide is a scornful substance, and firm and delayed of direction. What's more, that was the character of his face, spare that his eyes, which were dark blue, had in them the basic gravity of one subtly controlled by the Ideal. His senior sibling was so extremely like him - however watery, paler all around, with an extraordinary industry - that occasionally in early days I was not exactly certain about him until the meeting was finished. At that point I realized that it was he, if the words, I will ask my brudder, had not been spoken; and, that, on the off chance that they had, it was his senior sibling. 7 When one developed old and wild and added to charges, one in some way or another never ran them up with Gessler Brothers. It would not have appeared to be turning out to be to go in there and loosen up ones foot to that blue iron-spectacled look, owing him for more than - state - two sets, only the agreeable consolation that one was as yet his customer. 8 For it was impractical to go to him regularly - his boots kept going awfully, having something past the impermanent - a few, so to speak, embodiment of boot sewed into them. 9 One went in, not as into most shops, in the state of mind of: Please serve me, and let me go! however, peacefully, as one enters a congregation; and, sitting on the single wooden seat, sat tight - for there was never anyone there. Before long, over the top edge of that kind of well - rather dull, and smelling soothingly of calfskin - which framed the shop, there would be seen his face, or that of his senior sibling, peering down. A throaty sound, and the tip-tap of bast shoes beating the limited wooden steps, and he would remain before one without coat, somewhat bowed, in calfskin cover, with sleeves turned around, flickering - as though stirred from some fantasy of boots, or like an owl amazed in sunshine and irritated at this interference. 10 And I would state: How would you do, Mr. Gessler? Would you be able to make me a couple of Russia calfskin boots? 11 Without a word he would leave me, resigning whence he came, or into the other bit of the shop, and I would keep on resting in the wooden seat, breathing in the incense of his exchange. Before long he would return, holding in his slender, veined hand a bit of gold-earthy colored cowhide. With eyes fixed on it, he would comment: What a beaudiful biece! At the point when I, as well, had respected it, he would talk once more. When do you wand dem? What's more, I would reply: Oh! When you advantageously can. What's more, he would state: To-morrow portage nighd? Or on the other hand on the off chance that he were his senior sibling: I will ask my brudder! 12 Then I would mumble: Thank you! Hello, Mr. Gessler. Goot-morning! he would answer, despite everything taking a gander at the calfskin in his grasp. Furthermore, as I moved to the entryway, I would hear the tip-tap of his bast shoes reestablishing him, up the steps, to his fantasy of boots. However, in the event that it were some new sort of foot-gear that he had not yet made me, at that point in fact he would watch function - stripping me of my boot and grasping it long, taking a gander at it with eyes without a moment's delay basic and cherishing, as though reviewing the sparkle with which he had made it, and reprimanding the manner by which one had scattered this perfect work of art. At that point, putting my foot on a bit of paper, he would a few times stimulate the external edges with a pencil and ignore his anxious fingers my toes, feeling himself into the core of my necessities.

The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques Proxy Detailing

The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques Proxy Detailing The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques  is a running feature in which I observe, name, and discuss heretofore uncategorized (at least to my knowledge) literary devices. See previous entries here. ____________________________ Proxy Detailing: Giving the particular name, brand, or style of an object to give it specificity without actually describing it. Example: Two days after his caran 85 Chrysler LeBaron with leather seats and all-power accessoriesvanished from the driveway, Warren Ziller crept past the expensive homes of his neighbors, trying to match his dogs limp. from  A Model Home  by Eric Puchner Discussion: This is a particular pet peeve of mine, but Ill try to keep my discussion here somewhat reasonable. Proxy detailing seems to me a rather recent phenomenon (and by recent, I mean the last several decades) as advertising and brand recognition have allowed it to be at all useful. The strength of this technique is fairly plain: if you tell the reader exactly what the car/object is, then they have a ready image of it. It is as specific as you can really be, without having to describe what the object is. The weaknesses, though, are considerable. First, if your reader is not already familiar with the brand/object, it is quite a bit more frustrating for them than just saying car. For example, I have no idea what an 85 Chrysler LeBaron looks like, so rather than bringing me closer to the object, this proxy detailing actually creates more distance than just car would, as I am now aware that there is a gap between the information intended and the information received. Another weakness of proxy detailing is that it shortcuts one of the things we ask literature to do, namely, to help us see the familiar in a new light. If I do indeed have a sufficient knowledge of an 85 Chrysler LeBaron to form an image of it, it is my image that is being formed, unaltered and unestranged by the authors artistic vision. ____________________________ All entries in The Dictionary of Fictional Techniques are original to, unless otherwise cited. (This means that they aren’t ‘real words,’ so don’t use them in your freshman comp essay)

Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2978 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/15 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Obesity Essay Obesity Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Over the last few years, the rates of obesity among both children and adults have been on the rise (Rogers et al., 2015). One impact that can increase the risk of someone becoming obese is their socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status encompasses more than just the financial resources that someone has access to, it is more of an accumulation of income, occupation, and education (Socioeconomic Status, n.d.). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Obesity" essay for you Create order Ones socioeconomic status can impact not only access to resources, but also privilege and control (Socioeconomic Status, n.d.). This paper is going to prove the relationship between poor socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in rural communities. Background The American Heart Association describes obesity as a person who has a body mass index (BMI) of over 30, in other words you weigh 20% more than your ideal weight (Obesity Information, 2014). Nearly 70 percent of adults in America fall into this overweight or obese category, so it is a fairly common affliction in this country (Obesity Information, 2014). When it comes to American youth, about one in three children aged 2-19 are obese (Obesity Information, 2014). And unfortunately research shows that children that are obese are more likely to be obese once they reach adulthood (Cole et al., 2000). Obesity can also be dangerous for your health. It is a known risk factor of high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea, heart disease, and even certain cancers (Obesity Information, 2014). Childhood obesity also has its slew of more specific risk factors. Child development can be curbed by the mechanical stress caused by the access weight, as well as consequences of adipose tissue disrupting normal organ function (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Even more rarely discussed is the psychological impact that being overweight has on the development of young children and teens (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Children living in rural areas are also at a higher risk of poverty, no health insurance, no preventive care in the past year, and little physical activity (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Obesity is not a disease that develops overnight. This is a chronic condition that can take years to slowly manifest. It is a learned and repeated habit of eating too much and exercising too little (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). There are a few other indicators like that some individuals are genetically more likely to become obese, but the largest risk factor is the link to behavior (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). The modern worlds heavily sedentary lifestyle is another factor, for example an average American spends 4 hours watching television a day (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). An activity that expends little to no calories compared to walking or other types of exercises. One piece of research that is proving to be very interesting is the role of food advertisements in this cycle. Harvard Health Publishing explains that the average television episode hosts around 11 food and beverage commercials, which are literally created and aired to encourage people to consume (2017). Health research also uncovered that eating while watching television could stimulate viewers to consume more calories in total, especially calories that come from fatty foods (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). Moreover, when researchers would limit the amount of television that kids would watch, it actually had a positive impact on their health and they lost weight (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). But this act wasnt because of the actual lack of screen time that they children were experiencing, it was discovered that there is a positive correlation between the hours of TV and the hours of snacking (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). So its more than just watching television that can be dangerous to ones health, its also the mindless snacking that often occurs simultaneously. There are a lot of programs and groups in the United States today that work to target the increasingly high rates of obesity, especially in children. Each of them have a pretty similar premise; education about exercise and healthy eating that will lead to positive life long habits, as well as a link to their schools and parental involvement. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has a program called The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model. This program supports school aged children with nutritional education, physical activity, community and family engagement, and the application of school health services (Healthy Schools, 2018). One familiar program is the Lets Move! program started by Michelle Obama. This model is also target at school aged children, getting them to move more and eat healthier. One big caveat here is that it worked on a larger scale within the education system itself. Obama used her platform to successfully work with legislation to have the public school systems lunch menus changed, in order to provide healthier and less caloric options to children (Learn the Facts, n.d.). This program has proved to be effective however, especially in how they are utilizing public service announcements (PSAs) to share their information (Georgiadis, 2013). Their PSAs encourage viewers to eat better and exercise more, and their health messages are also in line with the health belief model and social cognitive theory (Georgiadis, 2013). Legislation does play a large role in the fight against childhood obesity. As public knowledge increases, health policies have been put in place to try and curb this problem. In a three year study performed by Brownson et al.; there were 717 bills introduced, and 123 of them were adopted (2007). The majority of which were at the state level, which is where many of the health policy decisions are made (Brownson et al., 2007). Target Population Children are a very unique group to work with in the public health setting. They are one of the few populations that do not have complete control over their environments. Children are dependent on the environment that their parents create for them, for worse or for better. In rural settings this can mean the specific geography. If their parents own a house that is over an hour from the nearest emergency medical facility or fresh food outlet, the child has little ability to make a difference in his/her outcome. Consequently, studies show that youth growing up in rural locations are at a higher risk of becoming obese (Liu et al., 2012). Liu et al. performed a cross sectional analysis of both urban and rural children and found that on average rural children ate more calories, at less fruit, and exercised less than their urban counterparts (2012). Lutfiyya et al. found that rural children are actually 25 percent more likely to become obese or overweight compared to urban children (2012). Oftentimes with children it is the habits that they develop when young that carry over into adulthood. So poor eating and physical activity habits, as well as childhood obesity, will follow them and could lead to obesity in adulthood. Demographics of rural households tend to be very different from urban households however. The most recent US Census noted that there are lower rates of poverty in rural communities compared to urban ones, but parents are less likely to have achieved any higher education above high school level (US Census Bureau, 2016). It is also notable that rural American has lower household income medians, but also lower household expenses like mortgage (US Census Bureau, 2016). These factors can definitely impact that amount of financial resources and education that families have to focus on providing healthy choices and access to physical activity. As previously mentioned, children are a difficult target population to work with especially when trying to measure socioeconomic status. But both parental education level and average household income have been used to explain variability in childhood obesity (Whitaker Orzol, 2006). Some recent research on the correlation of geography and obesity does add another layer. Fang et al. has noted that although obesity is not contagious, it is considered to be a social contagion (2018). Social contagion is the idea that individuals who spend a significant amount of time together will often adopt the same habits, in this case it is obesity. In rural America children are often interacting with the same people at home, at school, and in public spaces. It is here that the social contagion effect can take place. Overweight children will begin to associate with one another and with the help of social norming, the likelihood of them continuing to be overweight or obese will increase (Fang et al., 2018). When you take into account that growing up in a rural community increases your chances of living in the same state of birth, then it can be seen that this social contagion is cyclical (US Census Bureau, 2016). Integration of the Health Issue and Target Population There are also some fickle cultural anomalies that researchers may find when working with rural populations. Holmes and Levy describe the importance of community connection in their research among rural communities (2015). Rural community members tend to take care of each other and work together towards a greater good (Holmes Levy, 2015). Their interactions with doctors are also very different, rural patients dont tend to be very engaging with physicians. They would prefer to be told what is wrong and how they can remedy it, and that is the end of the interaction (Holmes Levy, 2015). These communities also see structural challenges like care affordability, distance, and actual availability of services needed (Holmes Levy, 2015). Most notable is the view of health services. Rural communities tend to see health services as more of a crisis intervention than a preventative measure (Holmes Levy, 2015). People in these areas just dont seek out medical care unless there is already a problem. These behaviors can serve as a risk factor because many complications associated with obesity may go undetected until it becomes dangerous, like diabetes or heart disease. On top of these intangible, cultural preferences there is more and more research that is discovering the importance of built environments as well. When it comes to rural areas, the built environments often dont have the same resources that one might find in urban communities. The lack of a dynamic built environment can lead to a sedentary lifestyle (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). Some factors that could be beneficial to communities and lower obesity include access to parks, exercise facilities, sidewalks, public transportation, and physical education classes (Lutfiyyya et al., 2012). Some positives to this tight knit community feel is that people are also looking out for one another. So this could help as members might encourage one another to seek medical attention. The largest positive to working with children is that if the parents are supportive, it is easier to get child buy in. Because they are still wards of their parents, they are at the mercy of their parents decisions. So if mom and dad are willing to encourage physical activity and buy healthier food options there should be great impacts on the habits of the children. But parents can also hinder a childs progression, as they are the sole-providers. Without parental support children will not have the necessary control over their environment to makes lasting changes, especially if they are very young. Theory to Address the Health Issue Many theories require a person to have complete control over their environment, like the Social Action Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory (DiClemente et al., 2013). These theories can be used to create a health program to target childhood obesity, but children dont have a lot of control so they would have to be aimed at changing parental beliefs. The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC) is applicable in health promotion for this health issue. This model utilizes many theories to create lasting behavior change among the target population (DiClemente et al., 2013). Because when working with children there are so many stakeholders, this allowance of ambiguity will help increase the strength of the program. The TMC recognizes that lasting change takes work, and people will move in all directions in between its stages (DiClemente et al., 2013). Understanding that health behavior change includes some failed efforts and missteps will be critical in creating a framework for a program that will target families. Processes of change (POC) within the TMC could also be helpful in working with rural residents. Environmental reevaluation is going to be a critical piece when education parents about how their decisions all have consequences for their children (DiClemente et al., 2013). This POC can be used to demonstrate to parents that they are role models for their children, and if they are obese their children are more likely to pick up those same bad habits. Another POC that could be utilized in rural towns is helping relationships (DiClemente et al., 2016). Creating programs that values relationship building and accountability buddies would work well with their desire to have strong communal ties. These ties could link participants to another POC called self-liberation. If the focus of this health program is fellowship, having participants share their goals with one another could also help people feel empowered to stick with their goals (DiClemente et al., 2016). The theory that could be the most useful in addressing this health issue is the Diffusion Theory. This theory explains how innovations and changes spread among a specifically targeted population (DiClemente et al., 2013). Diffusion Theory suggests that if someone sees another person adopt an innovation and acquire a positive outcome, they are more likely to attempt this innovation themselves. There is a framework for how to make your innovation, or health practice, adoptable for your audience. Interpersonal communication is very important to this theory, including the concept of homophily, when 2 or more people share values or norms (DiClemente et al., 2013). As discussed by Holmes and Levy, this often proves to be a major theme of rural communities in America (2015). In the case of socioeconomic status and childhood obesity, this Diffusion Theory is going to help get parents on board and excited about making changes for the family. It is also going to utilize the close knit culture of rural towns. Because people are more likely to try something that they see their neighbors doing successfully, it should help integrate a program into this community. Parents might not have access to large financial resources that will allow them to move away from their current environment or start buying completely organic, but utilizing the strong community ties already in place is going to fight obesity and socioeconomic challenges. Move more and eat less, this is a simple message that can be adapted by anyone â€Å" no matter your education level or occupation. Diffusion theory uses four elements to outline the dissemination of innovation. Innovation, communication, time, and the social system (DiClemente et al., 2013). Innovation is important because it includes the new health habits, like exercising more and eating healthier. Communication is about how the message is spread, what channels are used and relationships are built. Time will be used to ensure that the outcomes are positive and relevant. And then finally the social systems role is probably the largest in this community. It includes the cultures, norms, and other boundaries of the diffusion within the rural community (DiClemente et al., 2013). Diffusion Theory relies on human interaction, word of mouth, and basic observation of others in order to be successful. Each of these are characteristics of rural residency. If a health program can integrate into a community, and its creators/implementers can develop relationships within that community it will have an even better chance. One positive aspect about obesity in this sense is that it is a very visible affliction, and it is one that is widely accepted and understood. Community members are able to easily spot who the overweight people are, and it is no secret that Americans are growing larger and larger. That being said if this program is introduce and people begin to lose weight or look more healthy their community will be able to tell. If a program is successful, this is free advertising at its best. If a program can get to the point where valued members of that rural town are buying in and losing weight, the dissemination through the town should happen rapidly. This dissemination is important because children will need their parents to make life changes in order for them to follow suit. Diffusion Theory can also help out with this, because the schools are nothing but smaller institutions within the community. When parents start to adopt changes for themselves and their children, other children might observe this and encourage their parents to get involved. Conclusions and Recommendations Synthesis of the texts included in this work show that there is a strong relationship between the socioeconomic status and childhood obesity in rural communities. Rural children are actually 25 percent more likely to become obese or overweight compared to children of the same age in an urban setting (Lutfiyya et al., 2012). And their parents have an increased chance of being less educated and having a lower median household income than parents in the city (US Census Bureau, 2016). Although socioeconomic status is more difficult to measure for children, it has be noted that those are two strong and frequently used indicators (Whitaker Orzol, 2006). And the small town feel of these rural locations along with frequent interactions with the same peers put these children at a higher risk of developing obesity through social contagion (Fang et al., 2018). But it is this community that could prove to be the strongest resource we have to fight obesity among rural families. Leaning on their fellow citizens and tapping into the heart of the strong ties among these groups can use education and determination to create change without having to change the financial makeup of the town. Education in schools and among parents is going to be a determining factor of whether or not a health program is going to make a positive and lasting change on the reports of obesity. The culture of rural residents does not encourage them to be self-advocates in the doctors office so programs are going to have to be engaging and work to increase the self efficacy of the entire community.

Learning Reflection Essay - 1773 Words

When is comes down to it, we really don’t think too much about our brain and how it works. I know I didn’t before the introduction of this unit. But obviously we should as it is the base of our learning. Where and how we store information, how we make judgements, access information and problem solve, just to name a few. If we all looked at how complex and fantastic the human brain is, we may stop and think about the way in which we teach; perhaps have a better understanding that not all children work at the same level and that our environment can play a big part. â€Å"What we are gathering from our efforts at the moment is a knowledge that the brain is infinitely more subtle than we had previously thought, and that everyone who has what†¦show more content†¦We can do this by diet, exercise and sleep. Other factors that can impact the development of the brain are the environment, genetics and stimulation of our senses. Arthur, Beecher, Death, Dockett, Farmer (2008) examines that â€Å"much brain development happens in the prenatal period, and it is during some environmental factors – such as toxic chemicals – can be a serious consequence on that development†. Different exposures to the right experiences will enhance development. The brain undergoes through rapid change in the early years (and through later years), but particular in the first few years of life this is why as educators it is so important to create valuable learning experiences for children. â€Å"Each person will have different experiences, and t here will be different interactions between their genetic make-up and their environment, changes in the brain will be different† (Arthur et al., 2008). MY EXPERIENCE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Learners play a very important role in constructing their own knowledge. There is no single theory of learning accepted by educators but rather a wide range of beliefs and theories about the process of learning. (Barry King, 1999). Cognitive theories of learning have played a powerful part in learning. Constructivists theories of cognitive development emphasise that the learner needs to build their own understanding of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting onShow MoreRelatedService Learning (Reflection)889 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst meeting â€Å"What is Service Learning†, he also informed us about the new curriculum the one they had attended at their seminar. It is all about â€Å"The Environmental Education and Information Division, DENR†. Our NSTP 2, as he said, is focusing on providing mechanism in sustaining quality in an environment. He reviewed us about Service learning. Some of us, including me, forgot about our lesson that he taught last semester. Service learning is a method of teaching, learning and reflecting, frequentlyRead MoreA Reflection in Learning1871 Words   |  8 Pagesa non-government organization serving the mentally disabled. No matter which specialty I am working in or how senior I am, I found learning being crucial for profe ssional competence, job satisfaction and personal growth. In this paper, I would like to reflect critically on my experience of learning in nursing with reference to relevant learning theories. Learning in workplace At the time when I started to work as a registered nurse in a new workplace after graduation from nursing school thereRead MoreReflection On Learning739 Words   |  3 PagesReflection and Impacts on my learning My past experience of learning to drive was extremely positive. I didn’t suffer anxiety and was able to pass my driving test. My previous driving instructor was very clear with instructions, supportive, patient and offered positive reinforcement throughout my experience. My teacher said I was a capable learner that showed courage, this feedback gave me faith and motivation to learn to drive a manual. I am in the â€Å"young adult stage of development† (Lozina, 2017)Read MoreReflection On The Learning Experience1923 Words   |  8 Pages2.0 Situation Reflection (1000 words) 2.1 Introduction Reflection is thought by linking recent experience with early experience to promote more complex and interrelated mental models or patterns. The thinking involves looking for commonalities, differences, and interrelations beyond their superficial elements. The goal is to develop higher order thinking skills. 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Behavioral Assignment Free Essays

For example if the company is performing admirably, your payments are not going to increase, but if you compare this situation With an equity investor, the market will incorporate to the stock price these results and your remover will be higher. On the other hand if the company Starts having some problems and cannot achieve its goals, your payments will remain the same. This situation only changes when the default risk increases, and this doses â€Å"t happen in a very quick span of time In the case of equity, the scope for disagreement is larger and more sensitive, because the payoffs are uncertain and depend on the beliefs of the fundamental value of the company. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can be also seen below that equity payoffs are linear with respect to investor beliefs in relation to underlying asset value; however, debt up-side payoffs are fixed at some constant rate, ND are consequently non-linear (I. E. Concave) in the investor beliefs about the fundamental value. Source: Hong Serer 2011 b) Safe debt has less default risk than risky debt, which means that its payoffs are more protected and the payoff graph has a more concave shape. The more secure an asset is, the less sensitive the investors are to the beliefs about fundamentals. The upside is here more bounded and is less sensitive to disagreement. When a bond is more risky there is a greater probability for default and the investors are more sensitive to the changes in the fundamental value of the company. Beliefs start having a greater influence on the asset valuation. In the following formula we can see that if the default probability is very low, the safe debt payoff will also be lower and less sensitive to disagreements. C) When optimism increases investors start seeing debt more as a risk-free asset that has less upside with reduced resale option. Rising optimism leads to larger misprinting. In this scenario the optimistic investors will continue to buy the bonds from the pessimistic investors, so there will be more optimistic investors holding the asset and the disagreement among the investors will be owe, and lead to a lower price volatility. The bond will also have less turnover. The pessimistic investors won t become optimistic, they just want to sell their bond. The model suggested by Hong and Serer(2013) considers a two-date trading model with dates t -?O, 1, N risky assets and the risk-free rate as r. The dividend delivered by the risky asset at time t=l is given by the equation: , where represents the cash flow beta of asset I, and is the state of the macro economy. There are two groups of investors: 1) The optimists (group A), who believe that the economy will be better in t=l -b EAI[z = +h 2) The sometimes(group B), who believe that the economy will be worse – 3) So the expected difference between optimists and pessimists is given by: EAI[z] – BE[z] = When is small (I. E. Low macro disagreement) , the equilibrium price will depend both on the optimists and pessimists valuation, equaling However, when X is large (high disagreement about future macroeconomic conditions), the demand of pessimists (given by ) is so low that it will hit short sale constraints. Thus, the equilibrium price will be determined only by optimists’ valuation, since the pessimists will be sidelined from the market: . This equilibrium price is higher than the unconstrained price, which means that the stock N will be over-priced, due to high macroeconomic disagreement about fundamental factors, when compared to the traditional CAMP model prediction. As predicted by the dividend equation: , the higher the beta of the stock, the higher the effect of the disagreement about its future cash flows will be. Thus, short-sale constraints will occur with higher probability for high-beta, high risk stocks. Short-sales constraints might be binding for some investors due to institutional reasons. An example are mutual funds, which are prohibited to worth stocks directly by certain government acts and regulations. According to the arguments above, misprinting is more pronounced for high- beta stocks or for periods of higher disagreement. Thus, stocks from higher beta sectors such as technology, consumer retail, automotive, construction are more likely to experience overpricing and bubbles. Higher disagreement occurs either at times, when market optimism prevails -? continuous bull markets, combined with expansionary monetary policy for prolonged period, or when market pessimism prevails – crisis times, described by high volatility ND panic sell-offs, causing stocks to be undervalued. Bubbles are often hard to detect and ascertain, but tend to form most often when certain industry sectors are experiencing a technological revolution. Bubbles, crashes and financial crisis have been a repeating occurrence for long (e. G. He South Sea Bubble, canals and railroads in the 1 sass, the Internet in the sass) (Predetermine McKee, 2012). A technological revolution in an industry causes a boom in asset prices; however, as the momentum of the bubble increases, the rise in prices cannot be justified anymore by fundamentals as people continue to make ever-rising valuations. It is difficult to identify an asset’s true fundamental value, and this is especially true for ne w technologies that have may seem as the next big thing, but have uncertain long-run prospects. Similarly, pastor Versions (2008) argue that bubbles in stock prices can occur after technological revolutions if the productivity of the technology to be implemented is unknown and subject to learning. This affects both the level and volatility of stock prices. Critically, stock prices of innovative firms initially rise due to optimism and DOD news about the productivity of the firm due to the technological innovation, but eventually fall as the technology risk alters from affecting only the firm to being systematic (Pastor Versions, 2008). The bubbles can only be observed retrospectively, and are most greatly amplified in revolutions than involve high uncertainty and fast adoption. For example the expansion of both railroads in the sass and internet infrastructure in the 1 sass was characterized by overstatement that ultimately depressed prices on an aggregate level as additional projects had negative returns due to industrialization. Also, in the case of the internet bubble, investors were lured in to invest by promising companies such as Amazon and America Online, but later companies had often no idea how to be commercially viable and essentially were riding the bubble (Dominant, 2014). Bubbles may hence be amplified by speculation and the idea that individuals observe and adopt the behavior of others (Levine Jack, 2007). Especially in the case of the internet bubble optimists tend to push up the asset price, whereas more pessimistic investors cannot counterbalance this due to short-sale constraints (Predetermine McKee, 2012). Thus genealogical revolution tends to lead to projects with initial profits, and leads to overoptimistic tendencies for the whole industry. As prices exceed fundamentals and new entrants/projects turn sour, the bubble eventually collapses. In the case where there is only one share of the asset available and there is one optimist and one pessimist in the market, the pessimist will sell the asset to the optimist at a price higher than the mean evaluation of the two investors. Here the single optimistic buyer can absorb the entire supply of one share. The average price is 75, thus the traded price will be in the range 75. The traded price rises when there are two homogeneous groups Of investors, I. E. When there are more optimistic traders in the market. They will bid up the price until it reaches the valuation of the optimists, I. E. 100. This will be the traded price. Thus, as according to Miller (1977) without short selling the price of the asset is increased if there is a divergence of opinion. In such a market the demand for the asset will come from the traders who have the most optimistic expectations of its value. The most optimistic investor tends to win the bidding and their evaluation of the asset ends up being its actual price. This can be also seen in the diagram below. Supply is inelastic at N, so the price is higher than the equilibrium rate. Only optimistic traders will trade at the prices where the demand curve meets the inelastic supply curve. Also, as seen in the diagram, different investors have different demand curves; the most optimistic one will have the highest valuation. (Source: Miller, 1977) Due to the binding short selling constraint, less optimistic traders who would like to short an asset cannot do so. Thus this is necessary for optimists to be able to set prices. Also volume is crucial. The more optimists there are will signify that the asset’s price will be bid up to the valuation of optimists. This is especially true when the asset is scarce (e. . Only one or a few exist), as in this case there will be ample demand by the optimists (who may be a minority in the market) bid up and set the prices. The price of a security is higher the greater the divergence of opinion about the return from the security (Miller 1977). So we can say that if there is a big divergence of opinion in the market, the price will be even higher because the price only reflects the optimistic investors, and this also causes more v olatility and more risk to the stock. Since the annual discount rate is a variable, and the time to maturity T is a constant, we can apply the rule: Then the expected value that the optimist attaches to the bond is given by: , 51 once The expected value Of the pessimist is given by: b) The difference of the natural logarithms of their attached values is: In According to the result, there is a positive correlation between the bond maturity T and the level of the disagreement between the investors, so the longer the bond maturity T, the higher the disagreement between the optimist and the pessimist will be. ) According to Miller (1977) the greater the disagreement the higher the rice. As we saw in the previous step bonds with longer maturity have greater disagreement, which leads to stronger misprinting because the price of the bond will only be affected by the optimistic investors (since pessimistic investors cannot affect the prices because of short-sale constraints). Thus, misprint ing will be more pronounced at the long end of maturities, than at the short end. Also the longer the maturity of the bond the higher the expected return, according to a regular bond yield curve. If misprinting is more pronounced, the price of bonds will go up, causing a shift downwards in the lied curve, so average realized bond returns should be lower than the expected. A) Investor B starts with rational beliefs at t-?O, so his expectation of an upward move is â€Å"10=0. In case of an upward move at node u his expectation of an upward move TTL is given by: , A further move up to position u will give: A move down to position dud gives: An initial downward move to d yields: Going another node down to ad: And moving up in the second period to du gives: b) Investor Bi’s beliefs about the value of the stock seem irrational at point ‘dud’ and ‘du’ since at ‘dud’ his expectation of an upward move is , while at ‘du’ it equals . Actually these positions represent one and the same point on the binomial tree, whe re the fundamental value of the asset should be constant. How to cite Behavioral Assignment, Papers Behavioral assignment Free Essays Even though according to Prospect theory the individualistically function is concave in the gains region, implying that they are risk averse, its shape changes to convex for very small probabilities. Usually people treat the outcomes based on a reference point, usually their current wealth, from which they evaluate gains and losses. For that reason a certain gain of $1 0 is not perceived as bringing any significant utility to let’s say average middle-class individual, while the possibility, even though small, of winning SIS 000 would actually bring a quite significant change to his wealth. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The opposite goes for the perceived utilities and the utility function, when in the loss region. Even a small probability of losing a significant amount ($10 000), which will severely affect the wealth of the individuals is misperceived as relatively high and undesirable as opposed to the certain, but small loss of $10, which will not affect the wealth of the person around his reference point. Some real life analogues of the conducted experiment might be buying a lottery ticket, where the individual even gets a small, but negative payoff, on average, or establishing a start-up business, where an entrepreneur invests capital with the hope Of receiving higher return in time, instead of investing the money in a bond or a bank deposit at a risk-free rate. Examples for certain small losses might be a person buying insurance policies and paying a small premium, but avoiding the risk of theft, road accident etc. Q. The distribution is not normal, but rather positively skewed, with higher percentage of positive earnings surprise than negative. There is also bunching at the O value, inferring a high probability that the average of analysts’ forecasts coincides with the actual earnings reported. This distribution of recast errors actually implies that analysts have a downward bias when producing their estimations. A reason for this might be that analysts have asymmetric loss function, implying that they can be more harshly punished for under-prediction than for over-prediction. This is due to reactions of investors who, in most cases, have prospect theory utility functions, rather than conventional expected utility functions I. E. Their losses hurt more than gains of the same magna etude increase utility. In terms of the earnings surprise this means that when the actual earnings miss analysts’ projections, he negative returns on stocks in the following days are much more pronounced due to investors unwilling to hold the stock and selling with larger volumes. In the opposite case of a positive surprise, investors’ utility function is less steep in the gains region and the magnitude of increased purchases of the stock is less pronounced. Boon and Woman (2002) estimate at least six reasons for the analysts’ downward bias when producing forecasts: internal pressures for earning higher brokerage commissions, pressure from management of companies that analysts cover, herding behavior to follow other analysts’ projections, pressure from large institutional investors that analysts work with, conflicts with analysts’ personal investments or unintentional cognitive biases of the analysts. Other plausible reference points in terms of expected earnings might be results from past quarters + some premium/discount, depending on how the company performed in the most recent quarter, or the earnings reported by companies, operating in the same industry I. E. Competitors. Investor A If the stock goes up, he would be keener to sell in order to realize his gains. The Prospect Theory utility function, which is concave in the region of gains, wows us there will be a point where an increase in his profit will bring very low marginal utility, so at this point the investor would be keen to sell. If we assume that the investor bought when , the more the stock rises and moves into more concave regions, , until it reaches the point of sell: If the stock goes down, he will hold the stock because he won ‘t accept his loss and try to hold it until the price of the stock returns to the price where he bought the stock (his reference point). He would be more concerned with the potential value of losses and gains than the total wealth outcome, so he would be more inclined to sell when the stock was in the gain-making region, and less likely to sell and more likely to hold at the loss-making region. This is an observation of the disposition effect, tested by Dean (1998). Investor B If the stock goes up he will like to buy more shares. As an optimistic investor, he would trade more because of the profits that he is making, and the belief that he has information that others don t and that if the stock its going up, the momentum is likely to continue. If the stock goes down, he will like to sell because for him the market it’s telling him that this stock its not worth holding anymore. The most important thing for him in order to make a decision for buy or sell is to receive a signal from the market and as an overconfident investor he would think that he has information that the market doses ;t and could benefit from that In other words he will consider the pure noise from the stock price movement as a signal and overweight it () The two investors could trade when the price of the stock rises, relative to their reference point because in that point investor A is more willing to sell and realize the gain and investor B is more willing to buy, because of the overestimated weight on the signal. Also they could trade when the price goes down and reaches a certain point when investor A no longer can hold the position (has sustained huge losses) and investor B could get a signal from the market, that the stock is already undervalued. A) 1 . Overstatement – empirical data show that there are cases when Coos truly believe that certain investment policies are creating value for the company. However, their beliefs are quite often in discrepancy with the broad view of market participants, which is reflected in the stock value. These investment incentives are more pronounced in companies, that are cash rich, nice Coos will not be constrained by lack of funds and allocate the available cash according to their overconfident beliefs. 2. Corporate Financing – instead of opting for the more rational choice of choosing sustainable mix of debt and equity financing, combined with the use of the company’s outstanding cash, overconfident Coos tend to use larger percentage of financing with cash or debt, since they consider equity financing excessively costly and believe that the market is undervaluing their company. . Overbidding in acquisitions – scholarly research has found evidence that overconfident Coos overestimate their ability to generate returns for their company. This is why such Coos have a tendency to overpay for target companies and undertake mergers that actually bring lower than expected value. A proof for this might be found in market reactions after announcement, where the negati ve return after the announcement is more pronounced for companies, whose managers are considered as overconfident by investors. In the last two decades U. S firms spent more than $ 3. 4 trillion on mergers, and if CEO ;s were thinking only about the interests f their shareholders probably they would have acted in a different way, because their actions caused losses amounting to roughly $220 billion (Maintained, Tate 2007). B) CEO overconfidence does not necessarily have to be a bad thing, since this aspect is quite closely con nested with affinity to taking higher risk. Higher risk, in turn, might lead either to more pronounced negative or positive outcome for the company, and thus also allowing for a beneficial outcome to shareholder interests. Also, such individuals, for reasons connected with their genetics or upbringing, are among the most successful and influential people n society. As discussed in the paper â€Å"CEO overconfidence and innovation† by Galas, Simoom (2011 more confident Coos tend to disregard the risk of failure and thus more eagerly indulge in RD and innovation strategies, which eventually bring higher value to shareholders. Real life examples of such Coos might be Steve Jobs (Apple Inc. ), Leon Musk (Tests Motors). Question 5 In the presented case, an overoptimistic person will tend to have higher anticipatory utility during his youth, but eventually as time progresses the actual realization will with a high probability be less than his anticipations, so e will get lower realization utility. The total utility he gets will depend on the weights he puts on those two utilities. If you educate your child to be overoptimistic, in the future for example when he receives his pension fund he will expect certain amount of money, let’s say $1,000 per month, but instead if he actually receives $900 he will feel as if he lost $100, regardless if that amount of money represents a good income for him or not. On the other hand if he receives $1 r 1 00 he won ‘t feel the satisfaction of having more money. The feeling when you lose is deeper than when you win. How to cite Behavioral assignment, Papers

Roles and Responsibilities of the Marketers-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the sustainable consumption and the roles and responsibilities of the marketers. Answer: Introduction This paper will give emphasis on the sustainable consumption and also on the roles and responsibilities of the marketers. Marketers are considered as an important part of the organization. If proper marketers are not there in the organization, then it can be difficult for the organization to survive in the competitive environment. It is essential for an organization to take into consideration sustainable consumption so that the market share of the company can be increased. Marketers have an essential role to consider the needs and want of the customers. The paper gives emphasis on how marketers are conducting their activities and responsibilities in the recent scenario. Marketers Marketers are one of the essential parts of the organization. The main role is related to enhancement in the operations of the business. The main responsibility of the marketer is to analyze the plans and policies so that proper strategies can be considered for conducting day to day activities of the organization. To increase the goodwill in the international market it is essential to give best towards the activities conducted by the organization. A market survey is also conducted by the organization and proper evaluation is made by taking into consideration the external factors like social, political and social factors. The products and services are also distributed by giving emphasis on the needs and wants of the consumers (Morrison, 2015). Marketers assist the companies to make a proper relationship so that the conflicts do not take place between the customers and the company. It is evaluated that if the organization does not have proper relations with the customers, then it can be difficult to survive in the competitive environment. Marketers consider the return on investment and also analyze the competition level effectively in the market. At the time of promoting the product in the market, it is important to give focus on the wants of the customers. The marketer also gives emphasis to solve the queries and also problems of the customers so that they can purchase products and services with satisfaction. If the problems and queries of the customers are not resolved properly, then it can give negative impact on the image of the company. Proper communication is also important for an organization to operate its activities effectively. If there is no proper communication in the organization then it can lead to conflict and dissatisfaction of the customers. Globalization helps the organization to promote the products and services on the international platform. If the products and services are not promoted effectively on the international level then it can be difficult to operate the functions properly. By analyzing the marketing environment it is essential for the marketer to enhance the promotional tools properly. Marketers also give emphasis on the new products and services that assist the company to increase its sales in the market. Marketer assists to maintain a good image in the market. The promotion of the products and services are done by the marketers only, and then the only company can accomplish its goals and objectives properly (Lemon, 2016). Marketers are not doing enough to direct their target markets towards the sustainable consumption It is important to enhance the quality of life so that the natural resources can be taken into consideration without any wastage. Sustainable consumption is concerned with the utilization of the products and services in such a manner that the basic needs and wants are satisfied in a proper way. It is essential to give focus on the environmental impacts so that the company can easily accomplish its goals and objectives. To increase the activities it is essential to give focus in the sustainable consumption (Malaval and Benaroya, 2013). It is evaluated that the company can easily promote sustainable consumption and it will also help to enhance the share of the market effectively. The culture in the organization is also maintained if proper sustainable development is taken into consideration. If the sustainable consumption is considered then it is evaluated that demand and consumption of the consumers enhance effectively. The sustainable growth and consumption assist to consider proper growth and success of the company (Lu et al., 2014). So it is essential that marketers and companies should focus on expanding it on the international market. Marketer tries to give emphasis on the taste and likings of the consumers so that sustainable consumption can be considered properly. Sustainable consumption can be considered by giving focus on the factors that remain in the market. It is important to maintain proper standards so that the goals and objectives can be accomplished in a proper way. Trust and cooperation are also necessary so that the organization can grab the market share on the international platform. It is also evaluated that mission and vision are also taken into consideration by the marketers (Bart et al., 2014). If marketers are considered then it is analyzed that they are not conducting the activities in directing the target market towards the sustainable consumption. The negative impact is analyzed on the overall performance of the organization. Also, the strategies and policies are not considered by the marketers in the market. If the recent situation of the market is considered then it is analyzed that growth can only be achieved by the company when there are proper strategies considered by the organization (Juster, 2015). When the marketers do not give focus on the requirements of the consumers, then it is evaluated that negative effect is seen on the overall profitability and growth of the company. Goodwill of the company is also affected when in many situations the marketers are not able to attain profits in a proper manner. As it is seen that competition level is increasing day by day, so it is also giving effect to the responsibility of the marketers (Lusch and Vargo, 2014). It is the responsibility of the marketer to analyze that the supply of the products and services in the international market is proper, so that the sales can be increased. Proper communication should also be maintained so that the conflict does not take place in the organization. It is very essential to have proper communication between the company and the consumers so that the products can be supplied in proper manner globally (Klimchuk and Krasovec, 2013). There are various situations in which the consumers are not able to buy the products from the marketers. It is essential for the marketers to contribute towards the sustainable consumption so that the day to day operations can be done properly. The duty of the marketer is to give emphasis on the culture and also to consider the environment. There are many situations in which the marketers are not able to grab the attention of the consumers. But it can give negative impact on the buying pattern and also on the behavior of the consumers towards the products (Barrett and Weinstein, 2015). Buying behavior should also be considered by the consumers, so that the products and services offered to the consumers can be done properly. If profitability is enhanced by the company then it is evaluated that company can work properly to accomplish the goals and objectives of the organization. To survive in the competitive environment profits are important for the organization, so that the activities can be conducted effectively (Solomon, 2014). So by analyzing all the information, it is seen that marketers are important for the organization. Without marketers, the company will not be able to complete the activities on time. Marketing strategies should also be considered so that the level of competition or impact of the competition can be minimized. To enhance the goodwill in the market it is important to give emphasis on increasing the satisfaction level of the consumers. The aim of the marketers is to give focus on the overall profitability and also on the goals and objectives of the organization. The marketers should give emphasis on increasing the demand and also the profits of the company so that growth can be attained (Holliman and Rowley, 2014). So, to increase the overall performance and also the profitability the marketers should give focus on enhancing the goodwill in the market. If the goodwill is maintained properly, then the targets can also be attained effectively. It is essential to have proper control over the marketing strategies also so that it can result in the loss of the company. If proper marketing strategies are taken into consideration then it can be easy for the organization to introduce new products and services in the market. Also, the marketer should have proper knowledge about the products that are offered to the consumers; so that the queries or the questions can be answered in a proper manner (Naeem et al., 2013).It is also seen that if organization have capable marketers that it is not difficult to accomplish the overall profitability and growth of the company. Capable marketers are necessary to enhance the operations in a proper manner and also to help the organization to accomplish overall targets. 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