Impact of Smartphones on Students

Impact of Smartphones on Students Problem Statement With the advanced technology nowadays, smartphone is viewed as a important device and an integral part of the Malaysian society. According to The Sun Daily Report, a last year concluded analysis revealed that Malaysias smartphone penetration has increased to 63% in year 2013 from 47% in 2012, while tablet penetration has increased almost three times to become 39% from 14% (Afrizal, 2013). University students are among the highest contributors to the increasing number of smart phone sales (Jacob Isaac, 2008). However, often use of smartphone can become a habit or dependency of student and indirectly affect their lifestyle. There are several general aspects of lifestyle have been categorized, such as health, education, psychology, socialization and security, in which may be in the positive side or the negative side. Regarding impact of smartphone in business field, Rashedul Islam, Rofiqul Islam Tahidul Arafhin Mazumder (2010) states that the drastic growth of the businesses during past few years is mainly because the rising use of smartphones and the mobile application. Smartphone has made the feature of advertising business sector becomes interesting and effective. However, the negative impact of smartphone is towards the PCs market as shown in survey result of year 2011, smartphone’s shipment in that full year was 487.7 millions, exceeds PCs with 17.63%. Smartphones nowadays are much more fomidable than the PCs that 10 more years ago, people are now using the smartphone to check news feed, status update and photo posting as well (Mogg, 2012). Microsoft-Intel Alliance as the long dominated of PCs also faced pressure to get into the market of mobile device. Soon, PCs may be replaced by smartphone as smartphone seems to have a optimistic growth in the future although there is still millio n sales of PCs in every year (eWeek, 2012). Accordingly health surveys regarding smartphone done by Sarwar Soomro (2013), most of the users in USA use smart phone to search for the information and facilities related to health. Many health mobile applications are available stimulate users for prescription management, encourage other options of treatment, offer price comparison and verification of prescriptions as well. However, Russian and Eastern European scientists issued the earliest reports that low level exposure to RF radiation of smart phone could cause a wide range of health effects, including behavioural changes, effects on the immunological system, reproductive effects, changes in hormone levels, headaches, irritability, fatigue, and cardiovascular effects (Russian National Committee, n.d.). In addition, research of World Health Organization suggested this behaviour is similar to a compulsive-impulsive disorder, whereby an inability to access the services are associated with negative health consequences, including wi thdrawal and depression and other negative repercussions such as social isolation and fatigue (WHO, 2011). According to Coleman (2013), smartphones can also contribute to the deterioration of our eyes, squash our spines, give us saggy jowls, damage our hearing, damage our sleep cycle and cause dark circles under our eyes. Meanwhile, in term of education, Sarwar Soomro (2013) indicated that smartphone has provided society to be exposed towards huge amount of educational and learning purposes due to internet availability and increasing demand of smartphone. Regarding the survey of King (2012), majority of the American adults think that smartphone usage contributes a positive impact towards the youth’s education in America, eg. E-readers for study purpose. Students with the help of technology are able to access educational programs (Font, 2013). For instance Dell has launched Youth Learning (an alphabetization initiative) which support the learning programs. Besides that, smartphone provides a basic human need to help students relieve their boredom and decompression between tasks (Shawn Knight, 2012). However, there is some negative impact of smartphone dependency on education. Over dependency of smartphone can leads to addiction, means although there is no real need’s communication, still hope to have constant communication with outside through social network. (Lee, 2012). According to the The Times of India: Health, (2013) experts said that our memory will be reduced and cognitive thinking will be killed when using the smartphonealthough it makes the life more convenient and easier. People now depend much on the search engine through smartphone cause them to become poor thinker and getting more lazy than before. For impact onto psychology, based on another research of Sarwar Soomro (2013) conducted, there is a positive impact onto human psychological, smartphone is used for reduction of tension work life. Nowadays, keep update with the latest news is very vital process for reducing tension. However, negative impact of smartphone dependency exists. Spending more than seven hours a day using smartphones and experiencing symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia and depression when cut off from the device is considered as addiction (Nam, 2013). Students who are addicted to smartphones not only distract themselves from studies, but also damage their interpersonal skills. According to Sarwar and Soomro (2013), addiction to smartphones affects our quality of sleep as well as creates friction in our social and family life. For lifestyle of socialization, the survey of Yi-Fan Chen done in U.S. College shows that students have several strong socialization motives for using the mobile phone to contact both family and friends (CHEN, 2007). Smartphone features, for examples, text to speech, GPS and social Websites, people can easily remain integrated with society especially those with special needs and elderly age (Sarwar Soomro, 2013). However, the report of Amanda (2012) shows that over dependent of smartphone brings the impact of there is only 35% of the teens who owns a smart phone have face-to-face socializing outside of school. According to Teoh (2011), Americans are socializing and spending the average time of 2.7 hours per day on their mobile device. The time people used to socialize via mobile device is twice of the time spending on eating and is more than one third of time spending on sleeping per day. For impact of smartphone on security, Sarwar Soomro (2013) stated that safety of children can be known by parents with the availability of Internet connection through a Smartphone. Furthermore, by setting up password security, it can protect the sensitive data inside the smartphone and also restricts access in case the smartphone was lost or been stolen. (BullGuard Security Centre, 2013) According to Enisa’s report (2010), the data leakage from smartphone may affected our assets throughout such as personal data, corporate intellectual property, classified information, financial assets and etc. If smart phone user lost the smartphone, for example, every information like address, e-mail, log data in web browser, SMS (Short Message Service) and etc. can be exposed if there is no appropriate security solutions (Smith, 2011). Next target for criminal attacks likely will be smartphone and social networking site (Sarwar Soomro, 2013). According to WhoCalledMyPhone.Net (as cited in Darrell, 2013), 24% of smartphone users check their phone while driving, which can directly cause accidents or fatal accidents. In short, smartphone has contributed positive impacts to human, but too much dependent on smartphone also cause negative consequences. Hence, our study will put more effort on the impacts of smartphone dependency into lifestyle. Smartphone brings impact to various fields such as business, health, education, psychology, socialization and security as well. However, during our research, the target of study area is among undergraduate students in UUM. Hence, some fields are not suitable for students for instance business. In short, there are only five lifestyles which will be used for our survey, include health, education, psychology, socialization and security. References Afrizal. (2013, September 5). Malaysia’s smartphone penetration rises by 16%. The SunDaily. Retrieved March 2, 2014 from http://www.thesundaily.my/news/820932 Amanda, L. (2012). Teens, Smartphones Texting. Pew Research Center’s Internet American Life Project , pp. 1-34. BullGuard Security Centre. (2013). Eight ways to keep your smartphone safe: Mobile Security. Retrieved March 23, 2014, from http://www.bullguard.com/bullguard-security-center/mobile-security/mobile-protection-resources/8-ways-to-keep-your-smartphone-safe.aspx CHEN, Y.-F. (2007). The mobile phone and socialization: The consequences of mobile phone use in transitions from family to school life of U.S. college students . Journal of Cyber Culture and Information Society , pp. 1-152. Coleman, C. (2013, July 21). How your mobile can give you acne†¦not to mention asaggy jaw and sleepless nights. Daily Mail. Retrieved March 18, 2014, fromhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2372752/How-MOBILE-acnemention-saggy-jaw-sleepless nights.html?ITO=1490ns_mchannel=rssns_campaign=1490 Darrell, R. (2013). The impressive effects of smartphones on society (infographic). Bit Rebels. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.bitrebels.com/technology/the-effects-of-smartphones-on-society/ eWeek, September 5, 2012, †Intel Microsoft Influence Declining as Smartphones Tablets Rise Analysts 342948†, http://business.highbeam.com/137475/article-1G1-301713950/intelmicrosoft-influence-declining-smartphones-tablets ENISA (n.d.). Top Ten Smartphone Risk. Retrieved 17 March 2014, from http://www.enisa.europa.eu/activities/Resilience-and-CIIP/critical-applications/smartphone-security-1/top-ten-risks Gehi, R. (2013, December 3). Your smartphone is destroying your memory. The Times of India. Retrieved 23 March, from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health/Your-smartphone-is-destroying-your-memory/articleshow/19412724.cms Jacob, S.M. and Isaac, B. (2008).The mobile devices and its mobile learning usage analysis. Proceedings of the International Multi-conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, Hong Kong, Vol. 1, March, 19-21, pp. 782-87. King, R. (2012). Mobile devices have positive impact on education, survey says. Retrieved from http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/mobile-devices-have-positive-impact-on-education-survey-says/68028 Knight, S. (2012, September 26). Retrieved March 17, 2014, from http://www.techspot.com/news/50310-smartphones-cure-boredom-but-is-that-necessarily-a-good-thing.html Lee, C.-s. (2012). Smartphone addiction: disease or obsession? Retrieved March 18, 2014, from Korea Times: http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2012/11/298_117506.html Md. Rashedul Islam, Md. Rofiqul Islam,Tahidul Arafhin Mazumder. (2010). Mobile Application and Its Global Impactà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-, International Journal of Engineering Technology, IJETIJENS, Vol: 10, No:06, http://www.ijens.org/107506-0909%20ijet-ijens.pdf Mogg, T. (2012). â€Å"Smartphone sales exceed those of PCs for first time, Apple smashes record†. Digital Trend. Retrieved from http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/smartphone-sales-exceed-those-of-pcs-for-first-time-apple-smashes-record/ Nam, I. (2013, Jul 23). A rising addiction among youths: Smartphones.Wall StreetJournal (Online). Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://eserv.uum.edu.my/docview/1411097432?accountid=42599 Russian National Committee on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection , Sanitary Rules of the Ministry of Health (Russia): SanPin 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03 point 6.9. Sarwar, M., Soomro, T.R. (2013, March). Impact of smartphone’s on society. European Journal of Scientific Research, 98 (2), 216-226. Retrieved March 18, 2014, from http://www.europeanjournalofscientificresearch.com/ Smith, M. (2011). A Practical Analysis of Smartphone Security. Salvendy (Eds.): Human Interface, Part I , pp. 311–320. Font, S. (2013). How smartphones narrow the achievement gap in education. Retrieved 23 March 2014, from http://mobileworldcapital.com/en/article/78 Teoh, L. (2011). Mobile Stats 2011: 91% Use Mobile Phone to Socialize. Retrieved 16 March 2014, from http://www.biztechday.com/mobile-stats-2011-91-use-mobile-phones-to-socialize/ WHO. (2011). Mobile Phone Use: A Growing Problem of Driver Distraction. Journal of WHO , pp. 1-50.

Price Determination

Price Determination under Monopoly Monopoly is that market form in which a single producer controls the whole supply of a single commodity which has no close substitute. From this definition there are two points that must be noted: (i) Single Producer:  There must be only one producer who may be anindividual, a partnership firm or a joint stock company. Thus single firmconstitutes the industry. The distinction between firm and industry disappearsunder conditions of monopoly. (ii) No Close Substitute:  The commodity produced by the producer must have no closely competing substitutes, if he is to be called a monopolist.This ensuresthat there is no rival of the monopolist. Therefore, the cross elasticity ofdemand between the product of the monopolist and the product of any otherproducer must be very low. PRICE-OUTPUT  DETERMINATION UNDER  MONOPOLY: A firm under monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve or average revenuecurve. Further, in monopoly, since average revenue fal ls as more units of output are sold,the marginal revenue is less than the average revenue. In other words, under monopolythe MR curve lies below the AR curve. The Equilibrium level in monopoly is that level of output in which marginal revenueequals marginal cost.The producer will continue producer as long as marginal revenueexceeds the marginal cost. At the point where MR is equal to MC the profit will bemaximum and beyond this point the producer will stop producing. It can be seen from the diagram that up till OM output, marginal revenue is greater thanmarginal cost, but beyond OM the marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. Therefore, the monopolist will be in equilibrium at output OM where marginal revenue isequal to marginal cost and the profits are the greatest. The corresponding price in thediagram is MP’ or OP.It can be seen from the diagram at output OM, while MP’  is the average revenue, ML is the average cost, therefore, P’L is the profit per uni t. Now the total profit is equal to P’L (profit per unit) multiply by OM (total output). In the short run, the monopolist has to keep an eye on the variable cost, otherwise he willstop producing. In the long run, the monopolist can change the size of plant in responseto a change in demand. In the long run, he will make adjustment in the amount of thefactors, fixed and variable, so that MR equals not only to short run MC but also long run  MC

Relationship between Humans and Nature Essay

The relationship between humans and nature is an important topic in which many people contribute ideas to and have done studies on. It is important for people to see that nature is a necessity and that we are responsible for protecting it. In essays and an article, John Steinbeck, Lynn White, Peter Kahn, Rachel Severson, and Jolina Ruckert discuss their beliefs and information they have found to be true about humans and nature living together. In the article â€Å"Americans and the Land†, John Steinbeck talks about the American settlers’ impact on the land. He states that the relationship between humans and nature used to be one of settlers living with or against nature, but has over time come to humans living on or from the land. Steinbeck writes his feelings of humans being very irresponsible in their use of land back in a time when they thought there was an abundance of resources. He writes that people â€Å"burned the forests and changed the rainfall; they swept the buffalo from the plains, blasted the streams, set fire to the grass† (Steinbeck). During the time of the Indians, humans attacked and defended themselves without giving thought to the damage they were causing to their environment around them. To go along with how little Americans thought about the environment, Steinbeck addresses how people went land-mad. Because they had so much of it, â€Å"They cut and burned the forests to make roo m for crops; they abandoned hyknowledge of kindness to the land in order to maintain its usefulness† (Steinbeck). The idea of conservation didn’t much start until after engines and heavy mechanical equipment were in full use. And even since conservation and people finding awe and beauty in  the nation’s national parks, most people don’t think twice about using engines and machines to keep us warm or cool, give us light, or transport us quickly. In response to this essay, I do have to agree that in the past people did not know about the damage they were causing on the earth. However, I disagree with Steinbeck when he says that people do not think twice about using all available technology. I know that through conservation efforts, most everyone is very aware of the impact they have on the environment. Although people are not as in tune with nature as the Native Americans were, I think we could learn from them and appreciate and take more responsibility for nature. Lynn White, Jr.’s essay â€Å"The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis† addresses the relationship between humans and nature by bringing up the issue of what Christianity tells people about their relationship with the environment. It is interesting that White brings up the component of religion in how people treat nature because it is a huge aspect that oftentimes doesn’t get talked about much. White states that Christians believe that God gave them dominance over nature and that it was given to serve man. Because of this dominance that we have, people feel indifferent about exploiting nature and using it to serve themselves. Although I know this is true and is found in Genesis, I believe God intended it differently. I believe that just as God has ultimate rule over the earth and exercises his authority with loving care, he expects humans to do the same with the environment. God was careful in how he made the earth, and He wants us not to be careless and wasteful in how we take care of it. Although, I do agree that this mindset is a problem and has been a problem, so the best way to combat this is to teach Christians to dig deeper in to God’s word to figure out what exactly He means when he says something like that. Peter Kahn, Jr., Rachel L. Severson, and Jolina H. Ruckert discuss the impact on humans of how technological nature is coming to replace actual nature in the essay. In the essay, they come to the conclusion that this replacement causes changes in the physical and psychological well-being of the human species. Kahn, Severson, and Ruckert state that nature is imperative to have in human lives. The authors did a study in which they found that simply  looking outside of a window reduces heart rate which in turn reduces stress. Near the end of the essay, the authors discuss the issue of Environmental Generational Amnesia. This is a condition that humans may face in which, because of â€Å"adapting gradually to the loss of actual nature and to the increase of technological nature, humans will lower the baseline across generations for what counts as a full measure of the human experience and of human flourishing†(Kahn, Severson, and Ruckert, 37). In a study, they figured out that technological nature is better than no nature at all. And they also know that humans have an evolutionary need to affiliate with nature, so we either have to adapt to technological nature, or go extinct. The authors know that talking to people about these environmental issues is becoming harder as most people aren’t aware of or simply don’t believe that they are a problem. I think that this was a very important study to do and shows people the importance and necessity of going out into nature. The relationship between humans and nature is important to everyone because we really can’t escape the fact that we are living together. Knowing the history of why nature is so important to humans can help create a sense of responsibility for its well-being which in turn should unite people to try to make a difference in how we are treating it and using current technology. Because of Kahn, Severson, and Ruckert we now know that nature is something that humans innately need and that increases our health. Reading the ideas and conclusions of these authors about this topic has made me wonder about what my own stance on nature is, how my faith effects that, and if I am substituting technological nature for real nature. Works Cited Kahn, Peter. Severson, Rachel. Ruckert, Jolina. _The Human Relation with Nature and_ _Technological Nature._ (2009). http://depts.washington.edu/hints/publications/Human_Relation_ Technological_Nature.pdf Steinbeck, John. _Americans and the Land._ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxlbmdsaXNoMTEwMzI4bGN8Z3g6NGIwMDEzNDA4NDhhYzEw White, Lynn. _The Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis._ (1974). http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/ENV-NGO-PA395/articles/Lynn-White.pdf

Rene Descartes Cartesian Dualism Essay example - 1625 Words

Descartian dualism is one of the most long lasting legacies of Rene Descartes’ philosophy. He argues that the mind and body operate as separate entities able to exist without one another. That is, the mind is a thinking, non-extended entity and the body is non-thinking and extended. His belief elicited a debate over the nature of the mind and body that has spanned centuries, a debate that is still vociferously argued today. In this essay, I will try and tackle Descartes claim and come to some conclusion as to whether Descartes is correct to say that the mind and body are distinct. For one to begin the quest into Descartes’ dualism, one must first look at the argument of the real distinction. In Descartian thought, the â€Å"real distinction†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦For Descartes, this means that a substance is really distinct from anything else other than God whom Descartes credits as the creator of such an object. The ramification of such a principle leads Descartes to believe that the mind and body could exist completely separately of one another, allowing that God chose to create them in this particular way. Despite this, the possibility that the two could exist separately does not mean they actually do. This is an issue of its own entirely. The clarity of the real distinction argument may be blurred by Descartes himself. His numerous uses of the argument in a number of his books may lead the reader down an aisle of confusion. Despite various versions of the argument, it is important to understand that Descartes does not consider different arguments under the same title but simply approaches the same argument in a number of different forms. For this reason alone, I will focus on but one of the formulations postulated by Descartes. One may first look at the argument contained within Descartes’ book Meditations on First Philosophy. In the sixth meditation Descartes states â€Å"On the one hand I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, in so far as I am simply a thinking, non-extended thing and on the other hand I have a distinct idea of body, in so far as this is simply an extended, non-thinking thing. And accordingly, it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and canShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The Mind Body Dualism1232 Words   |  5 PagesRenà © Descartes was a French mathematician, scientist, and philosopher of the 16th Century, who, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, â€Å"was one of the first to abandon scholastic Aristotelianism and created the first version of the modern mind-body dualism or emotion† (Encyclopedia Britannica). Born on March 31, 1596, he was dubbed as the Father of Modern Philosophy. 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