Internal Communication between Managers and Employees in Kentucky Research Paper

Internal Communication between Managers and Employees in Kentucky State - Research Paper Example The third factor deals with the impact of the training program on the workforce environment. The data has been collected by taking interviews of the business employers in Kentucky State. The study will be concluding with recommendations and conclusions for these employers that should be taken into consideration while dealing with the three factors. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal communication between the managers and the employees in Kentucky and also analyze the following research questions: 1. What is an organization’s strategy to develop its own brand? 2. How does the organization expand the market of their goods? 3. How can training program affect a workforce environment? Methods and Procedures The procedure of collection of the data followed by its analysis and interpretation of the result while finding a solution to any research problem is known as the research philosophy (Tobin & Joseph, 2006). It mainly comprises of two approa ches. One is the positivism and the other is interpretive. The positivist style gives establishing theory prior to the research conduct. This type of research can be carried out by means of experimental and descriptive research method. It is positively associated with the natural sciences. On the other hand, interpretive gives the establishing theory after conducting the research. The interpretive research model works on the basis of the human perceptions (Seale, 2012). It helps to understand mainly the non statistical variables like the human perceptions, their social behaviour, social motives etc (Spradley, 1979; Plummer, 1983). In this research, the interpretive research model have been chosen for finding out the internal communication between the managers and the employees, the strategy of the company in developing the brand and the expansion strategy of the company in marketing its products. The two main types of research strategies are qualitative and quantitative research str ategies. Both qualitative and quantitative research strategies hold equal importance while finding a solution to any research problem. Quantitative research strategy involves various statistical calculations, different computational techniques and procedures (Kumar, 2011). It mainly considers close ended surveys (Ably, 2012). Qualitative research strategy is just the opposite of quantitative research strategy. It gives the description of the individuals in the natural situation and tries to find solutions to the research problems based on culture, social belief, human behaviour etc (Kumar, 2011). In this research problem, qualitative research method has been used for analyzing the internal communication between the managers and employees, the strategy of the company in developing the brand and the expansion strategy of the company in marketing its products. In this research strategy, both primary and secondary data collection method have been used. The primary data collection has be en made by conducting the interview of the business owners and the managers of various local businesses in the Kentucky state.

Psychology and Health Problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Psychology and Health Problems - Essay Example This often leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy because the family members would assume that there is nothing they can do about the disease and allow it to happen. On the other hand, the Multifactorial model shows a different way at examining how a disease develops. According to the Multifactorial model, the following factors must be taken into account when analyzing how a disease develops: biological, psychological, environmental, and socio-cultural and stressors. Likewise, the model asserts that no single factor is responsible for the development of a disease according to Hoover. In most diseases, biological factors such as heredity, age and gender can increase the probability of contracting heart diseases. There are certain groups of people prone to heart disease but this doesn’t mean that individuals in this group cannot avert the situation. The model presents other possible elements such as diet, stressors, or even access to health care that can prevent or increase the lik elihood of the disease. The aforementioned elements may belong to any of the other factors which are not biological at all. Using the Multifactorial Model, a person that has a family history of diabetes can prevent developing the disease by making modifications in one’s lifestyle. The person can become health conscious being aware of such fact and resort to exercise and limited dietary intake. Thus, the person does not develop the disease as compared to his parents or grandparents. Biological factors include family history, age, gender, pain and discomfort, congenital disabilities definitely influence the likelihood of a disease but that does not equate to hopelessness since prevention is still possible using other factors. Socio-cultural is another important factor that can worsen or prevent the development of a disease. If a person has quality access to health care, works in a company that promotes health and belongs to an average sized family, then it can said that sociocu ltutal factors can help the person develop diseases. Even religious beliefs related to health such as not smoking and no drinking can be very helpful. Even if heart diseases are common in the family, the person can probably live longer. The Multifactorial model also considers psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, personality traits, self-efficacy, optimism or pessimism, attributional style, behavior, and other intrinsic factors within the individual. Lately, the field of medicine has accepted the fact as proven by various studies that psychological factors like stress definitely worsen biological factors. Even people with no history of heart disease within the family can possibly die from a heart attack if the person is constantly subjected to stress, had a sedentary lifestyle and possess a Type A personality. Even simple conditions such as ulcers and constipation can be caused by stress. Environmental factors such as pollution, natural disasters, radiation, global warm ing, ozone depletion, water quality and many more adversely affect a person’s health. Even healthy individuals with jobs exposed to harsh environmental conditions can develop illnesses such as respiratory disease complications especially if they don’t have good access to healthcare. Primarily, this is the reason why government Agencies set occupational health standards and safety practices so workers would not get sick. In conclusion, the Multifactorial Model is a new health model that shows how illnesses can develop

Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Accounting - Research Paper Example These systems can also differentiate between value-added and non-value added costs, offering cost accountants the chance to change them to value added costs (Jordan, 1999). In the past, accounting was done manually but now-a-days, data is entered via computers and wide area networks. No doubt, technology has changed the ways of accounting but it is still not sure whether this effect is positive or negative because it can be an asset for a business but a liability for the accounting profession. There are many advantages to the use of technology in managerial accounting. Different technology tools offer clear advantage over traditional system of accounting. For instance, these tools help through computer-integrated production, communications technology, image processing, the Internet, and expert systems. These and other various IT tools help in getting relatively varied and correct information in a regular way, but at the cost of confidentiality (Jordan, 1999). Managerial accounting is highly impacted by the sophisticated technology solutions, such as enterprise resource planning systems (ERPS). Corporate management is pro-oriented in adopting these IT solutions, although they are not fully aware of their practical outcomes in managerial accounting for corporate management. It is observed mostly that latest management accounting processes, and even the old techniques, such as annual budgeting are activated in different systems (Gradlund & Malmi, 2002). Technological tools add to the level of efficiency in the transferring of data between corporations and their various branches, offices, clients, and the accounting companies too. Communications technology employs a group of technologies to transfer data in different forms to all the entities. This specific type of technology is of great significance for big accounting firms, because of its increased communications strengths, facilitating

Management in Society - Karl Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management in Society - Karl Marx - Essay Example This no doubt increased the gross domestic output of Great Britain, but in the absence of any genuinely effective governmental regulation and control and with industrial production under free enterprise economy just beginning to take a concrete shape, the lot of the workers went from bad to worse. It was under these circumstances that Karl Marx propounded his theories of social exploitation of labour and economic injustice. Marx concluded that private ownership of means of production and insatiable greed of factory owners to earn more profit were the primary reasons for this abysmal condition of workers. He exhorted the workers to unite and forcibly seize political power so that all means of production can be removed from private ownership and transferred to the ownership of state thereby ending undue exploitation of workers by the greedy owners of factories. Marx at this stage committed two grave errors if one may say so. He did not denigrate capitalist means of production as such and admitted that this form of production did indeed create surplus value but what was essentially a problem of misdistribution of this surplus value was wrongly described by him as an inherent flaw of the production system. He also failed to comprehend the basic fact that this surplus value was created by the production system as such that included all three factors of production – land, labour and capital. He, one might dare say, rather obstinately held on to his belief that the surplus value was created by labour alone and thus the right to such surplus belonged only to labour. However, the unscrupulous and rapacious capitalists usurped the entire surplus for themselves while paying the labourers only slave-wages that were just enough for them to survive. Thus, he felt that the only way for improving the lot of workers is to overthrow capitalism. Karl Marx thought that abolition of private property would

Social capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social capital - Essay Example Social issue in relation with Social capital†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....13 Introduction Social capital values the social network, makes the social bond between the similar people and bridges the gap between the diverse people through the reciprocity norms. Most of the scholars have said that social capital is the goodwill that people has towards us and thus it is a valuable resource. The study has discussed about the concept of social capital and its significance in the present time. The study discusses that social capital can only be gained through individual social relations with other people or groups. Through the help of different methodologies, its analyzed that in what manner the social capital can be considered, measured and how important it is for individual or group to retain. By explaining social capital the researcher has focused on its effects that flow through the available information, influence, and solidarity that is available with the individual. The main fundamental point is that how people interact with each other that formulate the social capital. Through the help of example on the social issue it has been explored how important is social capital in society and how social issues are interlinked with social capital. The study has been framework to discuss about every aspect of social capital and revealed its effectiveness on individual. Social capital ... The study has been framework to discuss about every aspect of social capital and revealed its effectiveness on individual. Social capital The term social capital has been highly popular in the recent years and has been associated with several features related to the policy making central to public issues and policy making. Referring to the factors related to the topic the features like norms and networks, trust, corruption, economic growth and good government needs to be discussed. The term social capital can be defined as the ability of individuals and groups to work together for a common cause in groups and organizations (Smith 2009). Social Capital includes relationships, institutions, and different norms that provide structure to quantity and quality of social interaction of the society. Increasing number of evidences has shown that social cohesion is very important for the societies in order to prosper economically and for maintaining sustainability in the development. Social ca pital is not just a group of institutions rather it a glue that holds the groups together. There are two concepts related to Social capital: Horizontal links Social capital is regarded as set of horizontal links among the people that covers the social networks and linked norms that has impacted the productivity of the community and well being. Social network can even enhance the productivity through reducing the business costs and it also facilities the cooperation and coordination. In the horizontal link the Social capital has networks or groups, parochial communities, and secluded, functioning at the cross-purpose to the combined interest of the society and even hinder the social and economic development. Vertical and Horizontal Links Social

Why Should a Firm Cooperate with an Advertising Agency Coursework

Why Should a Firm Cooperate with an Advertising Agency - Coursework Example At Keller Advertising Agency we employ competitive professionals who are able to organize, create as well as place an advertisement to meet the objectives better than any company.   We do extensive market research and thus we are able to build an effective advertising strategy that will help you capture the market share as well as build a stable relationship with the consumers creating customer loyalty and help in building the company brand. With our knowledge of the eReader market coupled with an innovative and unique approach to the market, we are able to engage, capture the attention of the target market and enhance their interaction with the new product thus creating a relationship with the brand. At Keller Advertising we go at greater lengths to please our clients by ensuring that they have a great strategic vision that will steer them towards strategic success for their business in the global market.Our strategy is your strategy and this is what guides as to intriguing, competitive and ultimately successful campaigns. Our main aim is to inform and persuade the consumers on the new product through communicating ideas and information about the product in a way that will create a memorable experience for the consumer and enhance brand recognition. What counts most in campaigns is the message and we have talented experts who ensure creativity and logic. Finally, we provide a follow up after implementation of the campaign to ensure success.  An effective product name is one which is simple and easy to remember and thus will help in selling the product during marketing. A good product name should have the following characteristics be unique and thus distinguish the product from its competitors, hold appeal for the target audience, imply the benefits of the brand, create customer loyalty through bonding with the company, motivates the customers to purchase, can buy the image of the product and name and have symbolic association which fortifies the company’s image.

The Formation Of Gender Identity Essay Example for Free

The Formation Of Gender Identity Essay The debate over the factors affecting the formation of gender identity has more than a 100-year history, whereas the professional evidence-based level of the debate has been represented since the 1950s. In the Western sociology and psychology, gender identification is composed of a number of aspects, including perception of one’s gender roles, social identity and self-perception in general. The present paper is designed to address the role of biological, social and psychological factors in gender identity-shaping. In fact (Ellison, 2000), human behavior greatly depends upon hormonal secretion, as it is widely known that adrenaline is released when the brain receives a message about certain environmental threats and results in anxious and uneasy behavior, whereas   endorphins are released during exercise and result in a positive inspiration and sociability. Female sex hormones derive from ovaries and include progesterone and estrogens (mainly 17-beta-estradioll), whereas the major male hormone, testosterone, is produced by the testes. These chemicals are responsible for the formation of secondary sex characteristics and determine behaviors, attributed to the specific gender role. Masculinity in terms of gender identity is normally associated with assertiveness, self-control and aggression, provided by testosterone (Ellison, 2000), whereas femininity is conceptualized as compliance to dependence, interest in care about others and comfort creation. Byne and Parsons (1993), the followers of the classic model, indicate in their theoretical research of biological and neurobiological conditioning of   gender identification that a person’s gender is determined during conception, but the fetus begins to develop sex organs only at the 6th week of pregnancy.   Therefore, the developing testes or ovaries might begin hormonal secretion â€Å"off schedule†, which affects the development of the neural network of the brain and results in the person’s inability to accept their biological sex and the sense of gender dysphoria. Dittmann (1990) states that girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, the disease that refers to the overproduction of androgens, are more committed to the masculine roles like violent games, inclination to leadership in peer groups, willingness to increase physical strength, and are more likely to fell to certain degree uncomfortable in their female body, as the scholar notes that a number of teenage girls are unwilling to accept their physical development and differentiation. Similarly, boys with the Turner syndrome that refers to the excessive release of female hormones tend to de-valuate their biological sex (Tiefer, 1992). It needs to be noted that the evolution of sexuality in childhood is associated mostly with sex role games and self-observation:   â€Å"Children this age are very curious about bodies – their own and other peoples. They are trying on roles and behaviors† (Haffner and Needleman, 2001, p.41). At this stage, children experience a gradual transition from unconsciousness to awareness of their sexuality, so Dittmann holds that parents, aware of the child’s hormonal disease, can diplomatically interfere then and assist children in developing a superstructure of gender roles over their biological sex. One of the most interesting approaches to gender identity is biological psychology. On the one hand, Sharpe (2003) writes that the brain structures, which refer to communication (listening and speech) and emotions or empathy are notably better developed in females , whereas the male brain is hard-wired for system construction and perception/analysis of visual information. However, Haffner and Needleman (2001) write that infancy is characterized by the active synaptogenesis, or the strengthening of neural connections, to great extent dependent upon the environment. As the researchers write, â€Å"the development is on the one hand genetically determined, but the formation and pruning of synapses are controlled by the environment† (Haffner and Needleman, 2001, p.46). As a result, parental taboos upon sex role games and the lack of gender-sensitive childrearing (neutral treatment of infants and pre-school boys and girls as sexless) that stabilize the synaptic connections between neurons in the specific brain structures (e.g. the growth of hippocampus in boys playing spatial memory games) might   bring in the future a misperception of one’s biological sex up to the manifestation of androgyny   in the later adolescence (sporadic display of male and female behavioral patterns). Furthermore, it is important to take into consideration the cognitive and moral development of 3-5-year-old children as discussed by Paiget (Haffner and Needleman, 2001) who alleges that this period is characterized by the first sparkles of self-awareness and the reflex-based belief in the relationship between â€Å"naughtiness† and punishment. Hence it is quite easy to cause an imbalance in the child’s sex and gender awareness through imposing excessively stringent moral restrictions upon the child’s behavior. The dominant social psychological approach to gender role taking is Bem’s comprehensive gender schema theory that stresses the meaning of environmental factors. In 1971, I created the Bem Sex Role Inventory to measure how well the person fits into their traditional gender role by characterizing their personality as masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated† (Bem, 1981, p. 355). The scholar believes that under the ever-lasting influence of the environment and broader cultural context the person carefully sorts all behaviors into the categories of masculinity and femininity and then employs them with relation to the cultural and social context. However, a substantial gender identity collapse might occur when professional values and desire for equality in career opportunities begin to interfere with gender beliefs; for instance, female leaders and executives recognize they are â€Å"tomboyish† and excessively committed to the masculine behaviors in non-wo rkplace settings (Bem, 1981, p. 356). To sum up, gender identity is rather a social construct than a set of biological, namely hormonal determinants. As a result, increasingly more specialists in neuroscience consent to the fact that the degree of consistency between biological sex and upbringing determine the formation of gender identity in the future (Dittmann, 1990; Haffner and Needleman, 2001) . For instance, the paper has incorporated the article showing the effect of parental guidance and the degree of progress in the cognitive and moral areas on the stability of synaptic connections in young children. Similarly, hormonal secretion is not pre-planned before the birth, but might occur under the specific social and psychological conditions (e.g. girls with anorexia nervosa are rather androgynous in demeanor than feminine and suffer from the deficiency of estrogens). Thus, the environmental factors might reinforce the inborn somatic substrates referring to the aspects of gender identity or result in their alteration, increasing or decreasing the person’s responsiveness to the neural impulses, which drive sex-related behaviors. Reference list Bem, S. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. Psychological Review, 88, 354-364. Byne, W. and Parsons, B. (1993). Human Sexual Orientation: the Biologic Theories Reappraised.   Archives of General Psychiatry, 50 (3), 228-239. Dittmann, B. (1990). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. I: Gender-related behavior and attitudes in female patients and sisters. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 15, 401-420. Ellison, C. (2000). Human Sexual Response. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. Haffner, D. and   Needleman, R. (2001).   Childhood sex play and synaptogenesis. The Family Journal, 11: 39-50. Sharpe, R. (2003). Adult Sexuality. The Family Journal, 11: 420-426. Tiefer, L. (1992). Historical, scientific, clinical and feminist criticisms of â€Å"the Human Sexual Response Cycle† mode. Annual Review of Sex Research, 2: 1-23.